1. Substrate material

Metal substrate (such as aluminum substrate, MCPCB) :

• Material: Usually made of aluminum (Al) or copper (Cu).
• Features:Good thermal conductivity, suitable for high power LED.Low cost, widely used in the field of lighting.
• Applications: LED street lights, car lights, high power lighting.

Ceramic substrate (such as alumina Al₂O₃, aluminum nitride AlN) :

• Material: Aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) or aluminum nitride (AlN).
• Features:Excellent thermal conductivity (especially aluminum nitride).Good insulation, high temperature resistance, high stability.The cost is higher.
• Applications: High-end LED products, such as high power LED, UV LED, automotive lighting.

FR4 substrate (glass fiber epoxy resin) :

• Material: glass fiber and epoxy resin composite.
• Features:Low cost, convenient processing.Poor thermal conductivity, suitable for low power LED.
• Application: General lighting, indicator light, low power LED.

2. Die Attach Material

Silver Epoxy:

• Features:Good electrical and thermal conductivity.Low cost and wide application.
• Cons:Long-term use may cause aging, affecting reliability.

Eutectic Solder:

• Material: Gold tin (AuSn) or tin silver copper (SnAgCu) alloy.
• Features:Excellent thermal and electrical conductivity.High reliability, suitable for high power LED.
• Cons:High cost, high process requirements.

Thermal Adhesive:

• Features:Good insulation, suitable for scenarios requiring electrical isolation.Thermal conductivity is average.
• Applications: Low power leds or special applications.

3. Encapsulation Material

Epoxy Resin:

• Features:Low cost, convenient processing.Poor heat resistance, easy to yellow after long use.
• Application: Low power LED, indicator light.

Silicone:

• Features:High temperature resistance, good aging resistance.High light transmittance, good light efficiency.
• Applications: High power LED, outdoor lighting, automotive lighting.

Glass:

• Features:High temperature resistance, excellent aging resistance.The light transmittance is high, but the cost is high and the processing is difficult.
• Application: High-end LED, special lighting.

4. Reflector Cup Material

Plastics (such as PCT, PPA) :

• Features:Low cost, convenient processing.Poor heat resistance, long time use may be aging.
• Application: Low power LED.

Metals (such as aluminum, silver) :

• Features:Good heat resistance, high reflectivity.The cost is higher.
• Applications: High power LED, automotive lighting.

Ceramic:

• Features:High temperature resistance, high stability.The cost is higher.
• Application: High-end LED, high power lighting.

5. Bonding Wire

Gold Wire:

• Features:Good electrical conductivity, strong oxidation resistance.The cost is higher.
• Application: High-end LED, high reliability products.

• Features:Low cost, good electrical conductivity.Easy oxidation, poor reliability.
• Application: Ordinary LED.

Aluminum Wire:

• Features:Low cost, but poor conductivity and reliability.
• Application: Low end LED.

6. Thermal Interface Material (TIM)

Thermal Grease:

• Features:Fill small gaps to improve thermal conductivity.Low cost and wide application.

Thermal Pad (Thermal Pad) :

• Features:Easy to use, no need to apply.Good thermal conductivity.

Phase Change Material (PCM) :

• Features:Phase change occurs at high temperature to improve thermal conductivity.Suitable for high power LED.